The Inclusion of "Secular" in the Indian Constitution

The term "secular" was added to the Preamble of India's Constitution through the 42nd Amendment Act during a period of Emergency in 1976 under Indira Gandhi's government. This addition occurred amidst a crackdown on fundamental freedoms and press censorship.

Controversial Changes of the 42nd Amendment

• Curtailed individual rights.
• Reduced the judiciary's power of judicial review.
• Granted Parliament unrestrained amendment powers over the Constitution.
• Shifted powers from states to the Centre, affecting the federal structure.

Despite the undemocratic context, the inclusion of "secular" has been upheld by the courts as part of the Constitution's basic structure, as affirmed in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case in 1973.

Secularism in the Constitution

• Article 25 guarantees the freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice, and propagate religion.
• The Preamble's emphasis on Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity inherently includes secularism.

Indian secularism, distinct in character, does not enforce a strict separation between religion and state but rather accords equal respect to all religions. This dynamic nature leads to ongoing debates and redefinitions.

Contemporary Developments

• The government's emphasis on "sabka saath, sabka vikas, sabka vishwas" and "vasudhaiva kutumbakam" underscores a commitment to an inclusive democracy.

Despite the challenges, the hope remains that India's inherent pluralism and constitutional principles will preserve its secular character. The word "secularism" in the Preamble is not merely symbolic but a crucial part of India's identity and governance.