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In Summary

  • India's Chief of Defence Staff visited Armenia, a landlocked Transcaucasian country bordered by Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkey.
  • Armenia's geography includes Mount Aragats, its highest peak, and the Aras River, which forms international boundaries.
  • The recent resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, an ethnic Armenian enclave within Azerbaijan, is a significant development.

In Summary

Armenia (Capital: Yerevan)

The Chief of Defence Staff of India arrives in Armenia for four-day official visit. 

Political Boundaries

  • Location: Landlocked country of Transcaucasia (populated region to the south of the Caucasus Mountains).
  • Bordering Countries: Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Iran to the southeast, and Turkey to the west.
    • Nagorno-Karabakh, Ethnic Armenian enclave in Azerbaijan, source of conflict since 1988 have been recently resolved. 

Geographical features

  • Highest Peak: Mount Aragats (Alaghez). 
  • Important River: Aras River. 
    • Flows eastward, forming the international boundary between Armenia and Azerbaijan on the north and Turkey and Iran on the south.
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3

Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)

The CDS is a tri-service military appointment, a four-star general, representing the head of the Department of Military Affairs and the principal military advisor to the Defence Minister. The role aims to enhance jointness among the three services: Army, Navy, and Air Force.

Nagorno-Karabakh

An ethnic Armenian enclave within Azerbaijan, which has been a significant source of conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan since 1988. Its status and control have been a major geopolitical issue in the region.

Transcaucasia

A geographical region located south of the Caucasus Mountains, often populated by ethnic groups distinct from those in the larger Caucasus region. It includes countries like Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.

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