Global and Indian Cancer Statistics (2023)
According to a new analysis published in The Lancet, cancer deaths rose to 10.4 million globally in 2023, with new cases jumping to 18.5 million. This marks a 74% and 105% increase, respectively, since 1990.
Global Risk Factors
- Four out of ten cancer deaths were linked to established risk factors such as smoking, poor diet, and high blood sugar.
Indian Context
- The number of cancer cases in India rose sharply to an estimated 5.43 million in 2023.
- Age-standardised cancer incidence rate increased from 84.8 per lakh in 1990 to 107.2 per lakh in 2023, a 26.4% increase.
- Age-standardised mortality rate increased by 21.2% from 71.7 per lakh in 1990 to 86.9 per lakh in 2023.
Future Projections and Risks
The Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaborators predict 30.5 million new cancer diagnoses by 2050, with global deaths increasing by 75% to 18.6 million.
- The leading cancers responsible for mortality in India include breast, lung, oesophagus, oral, cervical, stomach, and colon cancers.
- India has 38 population-based cancer registries covering roughly 12% of the population.
Modifiable Risk Factors
- 42% of global cancer deaths in 2023 were attributable to modifiable risk factors like tobacco, unhealthy diet, and high blood sugar.
- In India, major risk factors include diet, alcohol use, air pollution, and obesity.
Gender Disparities
- A higher proportion of cancer deaths linked to modifiable risk factors occurred in men (46%) compared to women (36%).
Challenges and Recommendations
- Population growth and ageing are significant contributors to the increased cancer incidence and mortality.
- Efforts are needed to align with the UN Sustainable Development Goal to reduce premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases by 2030.
Prevention and Early Detection
- Strengthening prevention through reducing tobacco consumption, promoting healthy lifestyles, and enhancing awareness is crucial.
- Improving early detection and providing evidence-based, affordable treatment are necessary measures.
Conclusion
Despite advances in treatment and efforts to address risk factors, urgent action is required to prevent a projected 61% rise in cancer cases by 2050. Enhanced data collection from cancer registries is essential for informed decision-making.