Breakthrough in Quantum Random Number Generation

In a significant development for digital and online security, an Indian research group led by quantum physicist Urbasi Sinha from Bengaluru-based Raman Research Institute has achieved a milestone by developing new quantum techniques to generate and certify truly random numbers. These techniques have been experimentally demonstrated using a general-purpose quantum computer, paving the way for hack-proof digital security solutions.

Importance of Random Numbers in Digital Security

• Randomly-generated numbers are foundational for modern encryption systems and security architectures.
• They must be created through completely random processes to ensure they cannot be predicted or guessed.
• Current systems rely on pseudorandom numbers generated through algorithms, which, though highly secure, pose vulnerability risks with the advent of quantum computers.

Quantum Random Number Generation

• True randomness is found in physical processes like radioactivity, weather events, and quantum behavior.
• Quantum properties are used to generate truly random numbers, as particles do not have definite properties until measured.
• A stream of photons can be measured, with their behavior forming a sequence of random 0s and 1s.
• Challenges include certifying the randomness and ensuring no device faults or biases compromise the setup.

Device-Independent Quantum Random Number Generation

• Sinha's work focuses on using quantum entanglement for randomness, where two linked particles influence each other.
• Experiments aim to violate Bell’s Inequality to prove inherent quantum randomness, though practical setups have size limitations.
• Sinha's novel method uses time separation to demonstrate violations of the Leggett-Garg inequality, achieving randomness without spatial separation.

Commercial and Strategic Implications

• The research has significant commercial potential and strategic importance, supported by the National Quantum Mission.
• Sinha has successfully demonstrated her technique on a commercially available quantum computer, proving its robustness in real-world environments.
• Future development into a commercial solution will require additional research grants and support from government and private sectors.

This breakthrough represents the first major globally-relevant research output from the National Quantum Mission, suggesting a promising future for quantum-based digital security solutions.