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Posted 03 May 2024

8 min read

Mount Ruang

  • Indonesia's Mount Ruang volcano recently erupted, triggering the highest level of alert.

 

  • About Mount Ruang 
    • It is a stratovolcano located in Indonesia’s Sulawesi Islands.
      • Stratovolcano, a volcanic landform characterised by a conical shape formed by layers of volcanic material deposited during successive volcanic eruptions.
    • It is one of around 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia, lying in the Ring of Fire, a string of volcanoes around the edges of Pacific Ocean.

 

  • Other volcanoes in Indonesia include Krakatau, Merapi and Semeru
  • Tags :
  • Indonesia
  • Ring of Fire
  • Stratovolcano

Cocoa

  • Price of cocoa beans, a raw material in chocolates, has skyrocketed

 

  • About Cocoa (Theobroma cacao)
    • Commercial plantation crop, grown as a mixed crop
    • Humid Tropical Crop native of Amazon region of South America
    • Varieties: Criollo, Forastero and Trinitario. 
    • Suitable conditions
      • Perennial crop and predominantly grown on red laterite soils
      • Altitudes: Cultivated upto 1200 meters above Mean Sea Level.
      • Annual Rainfall: 1000 mm to 2000 mm. 
      • Temperature: 15°C-35°C
    • Cultivation in India: Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. 
    • India exports to the U.S.A, Indonesia, Nepal etc.
  • Tags :
  • Cocoa
  • Plantation
  • Commercial Crop

KAVACH

  • RailTel Corporation of India signed an MOU with a tech firm for exploring and delivering KAVACH (train collision avoidance system) implementation projects in India and other countries.

 

  • About KAVACH:
    • It is indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection System.
    • Developed by Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) in collaboration with Indian industry.
    • It is an electronic system of Safety Integrity Level - 4 standards with probability of error being 1 in 10,000 years.
    • Key features include Centralised live monitoring of train movements, automatic braking for prevention of overspeeding, and relaying SoS messages.
  • Tags :
  • KAVACH
  • Train collision avoidance system
  • train protection system

Shaksgam Valley

  • India protests Chinese road construction at Shaksgam Valley in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. 

 

  • About Shaksgam valley
    • It is a part of territory of India, strategically located in Jammu and Kashmir. 
      • Through China-Pakistan boundary agreement of 1963, Pakistan unlawfully ceded the area to China.
    • Also known as the Trans-Karakoram tract, an area along both sides of the Shaksgam River
    • It is bounded by Kun Lun Mountains and by Karakoram peaks and is adjacent to the Siachen Glacier.

 

  • Tags :
  • Shaksgam Valley
  • Jammu and Kashmir

The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) Project

  • TAO telescope site completion ceremony held in Santiago, Chile. 

 

  • About TAO Project
    • Project aims to construct the 6.5 meter optical-infrared telescope at summit of Cerro Chajnantor, an altitude of 5,640 m in Atacama Desert of Chile.
      • It is the world's highest astronomical site.
      • Region’s high altitude, thin atmosphere, and perennially arid climate make it possible for observing almost entire range of near-infrared wavelength
    • It is equipped with two infrared observation instruments:
      • SWIMS, which will help understand evolution of galaxies.
      • MIMIZUKU, which will help study planet formation and origin of materials.
  • Tags :
  • TAO project
  • Telescope
  • Infrared

National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA)

  • NADA India concluded #PlayTrue Campaign which commemorated WADA’s Play True Day. 
    • Since 2014 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) celebrates Play True Day for fostering awareness about the importance of clean sport and anti-doping practices. 

 

  • About NADA
    • Genesis: Set up in 2005 as an autonomous body under the Societies Registration Act of 1860. 
      • It is provided statutory backing by National Anti-Doping Act, 2022.
    • Ministry: Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports
    • Mandate: Implements the anti-doping programme in India, in line with the World Anti-doping Code 2021.
  • Tags :
  • WADA
  • National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA)
  • National Anti-Doping Act, 2022

Domestic Violence Act (DVA), 2005

  • Supreme Court is considering whether compensation in cases of DV should be determined by the degree of violence suffered by the victim or the ability of the perpetrator to pay

 

  • Domestic Violence Act (DVA), 2005 
    • It is aimed at providing protection to wife or female live-in partner from violence at the hands of the husband or male live-in partner or his relatives.
    • Domestic violence under the Act includes actual abuse or threat of abuse, whether physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, or economic.
  • Tags :
  • Domestic Violence Act (DVA), 2005
  • Violence against women

Right to Contest Election and Right to Vote of prisoners

  • Contesting: A convicted person, sentenced to imprisonment for 2 years, cannot contest election (Section 8 (3) of Representation of People Act or RPA, 1951). 
    • Even if such convicted person is on bail, they cannot contest election.

 

  • Voting: A person confined in a prison cannot vote (Section 62(5) of the RPA, 1951). 
    • It is applicable to persons under a sentence of imprisonment or transportation or is in the lawful custody of the police.
    • A person under preventive detention is entitled to vote in an election (Section 62(5) of the RPA, 1951 and Rule 18 of Conduct of Elections Rules 1961).
  • Tags :
  • Right to Contest Election
  • Right to Vote
  • Section 62(5) of the RPA, 1951
  • Section 8 (3) of Representation of People Act or RPA, 1951
  • Rule 18 of Conduct of Elections Rules 1961
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