Modernization of Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) in India
The landscape of manufacturing is evolving rapidly, necessitating a workforce proficient in digital fluency, data analysis, AI, robotics, and climate-friendly engineering technologies. Despite this demand, there has been a persistent skill deficit in the Indian workforce, highlighted by numerous surveys and reports over the past decade.
Challenges and Current Status
- Only a small fraction of Industrial Training Institutes (ITI) graduates are employed in cutting-edge sectors.
- This skill gap signifies a lack of resources and support for the youth to achieve their potential.
Government Initiatives
The Indian government has recognized the need for an overhaul of the ITIs and has initiated significant reforms.
- The Union Cabinet approved the National Scheme for Industrial Training Institute Upgradation and sanctioned the establishment of five National Skilling Training Institutes (NSTI).
- The scheme, with a budget of Rs 60,000 crore, aims to bridge the gap between technical education and industry demands.
Background and Issues
- Originally established post-Independence, ITIs were designed to train the workforce for the industrial sector.
- Currently, there are about 15,000 ITIs in India, with 80% established after 2006-2007.
- The rapid increase in ITIs was due to the relaxation of rules by the National Council for Vocational Training, leading to many private ITIs.
- Numerous ITIs violate basic norms due to inadequate monitoring, with audits revealing issues such as granting accreditation to ITIs lacking basic infrastructure and safety.
Reforms and Expected Outcomes
- The new program will focus on upgrading 1,000 ITIs to streamline operations.
- Over five years, 20 lakh youth will receive skills training under the revamped system, meeting about a fifth of industry demands.
- The private sector will contribute 10% of the new program's costs and play a crucial role in course design and faculty training.
Conclusion
The ITI upscaling project is a necessary response to modern industry demands, but it is only the beginning. The government must further engage with the private sector to enhance skill development and fully prepare the workforce for a smart economy.