International Organization for Migration (IOM) released a report “A Decade of Documenting Migrant Deaths”

Posted 02 Apr 2024

2 min read

Report was released on completion of ten year of IOM’s Missing Migrants Project (MMP).
- MMP was launched in 2014 to document deaths and disappearances of people in migration process towards an international destination.
- IOM, Established in 1951, is leading intergovernmental organization in field of migration.
  - Headquartered at Geneva (Switzerland) and consists of 175 member states (including India).

Key findings
- More than one in three migrants whose country of origin could be identified comes from countries in conflict.
- More than two-thirds of those whose deaths were documented through IOM’s MMP are unidentified.
- Major causes of death: Drowning; Vehicle accidents; Suffocation due to fuel inhalation, Inadequate shelter, healthcare etc.
Migration refers to movement of persons away from their place of usual residence, either across an international border or within State.
Factors behind Migrations: Urbanisation, Marriage, Economic disparities, Political instability, Impacts of climate change, etc.

Consequences of migration
- Intermixing of diverse cultures and evolution of composite culture.
- Overcrowding in cities led to their haphazard growth and slum development.
- Changes resource- population ratio.
- Brain drain i.e. skilled people migrate from poorer countries to developed countries for better economic opportunities.

Global:
- Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM): First intergovernmental agreement, prepared under United Nations, to cover all dimensions of international migration in holistic manner.
India:
- Welfare measures in destination countries like Pravasi Bharatiya Bima Yojana.
- Pre-departure orientation Training to better prepare migrants for their life abroad and awareness of their rights, duties, etc.

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