Research papers Published by Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) reveals the most precise measurement of the universe's expansion | Current Affairs | Vision IAS
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  • Key Highlights: 
    • It found that the universe is expanding at a rate of 68.5 (±0.6) kilometers per second per megaparsec (a million parsec; 1 parsec equals 3.2616 light years). 
      • In a first, scientists have measured expansion history of the young universe with a precision better than 1%.
    • To study dark energy's effects over past 11 billion years, DESI has created largest 3D map of the universe.

 

  • According to leading model of the universe called the Lambda CDM (Cold Dark Matter), both matter and dark energy shape how the universe expands – but in opposing ways. 
    • Matter and dark matter slow the expansion down, while dark energy speeds it up.

 

  • Dark Energy & Dark Matter both make up the majority (around 95%) of the universe.
    • Dark Energy, making up 68% of universe, is an unknown form of energy that is causing the universe to expand at an accelerated rate. 
    • Dark Matter is a hypothetical form of matter that cannot be directly observed, but its existence is inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter and background radiation in the universe.
      • It makes up about 27% of the universe.

 

Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)

  • DESI is the product of an international collaboration that brings together researchers from more than 70 institutions (including from India).
    • It is a ground-based dark energy experiment which measures the effect of dark energy on universe expansion.
  • DESI is located on the Mayall 4-meter telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (USA).
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