India's first homegrown gene therapy (CAR-T cell therapy) for cancer launched by the President | Current Affairs | Vision IAS

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  • It is developed through collaboration between the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Tata Memorial Hospital, and ImmunoACT.

 

  • About Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy
    • It modifies immune cells, specifically T-cells, by turning them into potent cancer fighters known as CAR-T cells.
      • T-cells are special cells (types of white blood cells) whose primary function is cytotoxic, meaning killing other cells.
    • T cells are taken from patient blood and are changed in lab by adding a gene for a man-made receptor (called CAR).
      • CARs are proteins that assist the T-cells to recognise and attach to a specific protein present on cancer cells.
    • CAR-T cells are then given back to the patient.

 

  • Benefits of the CAR T Cell therapy
    • Can treat cancer for an extended period.
    • It has the potential to cure specific cancers completely. 
    • Short treatment time is needed and more rapid recovery.

 

  • Challenges: CAR T cell therapy for one cancer won't work for another type of cancer, can have negative effects on the nervous system, risk of infection, etc.
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