Report titled ‘400 Million Dreams’ highlights the changing patterns of migration in India since 2011 Census.
- Internal/Domestic migration refers to movement of people within a country from one region to another.
- Push factors: Lack of job opportunities, natural disaster, lack of quality education and healthcare facilities, etc.
- Pull factors: Economic opportunities, higher standard of living, peace and stability, etc.
Key findings of report
- Reduction in Domestic Migrant Numbers: By about 12% from 45.57 crore to 40.20 crore in 2023 with migration rate dropping from ~38% to an estimated ~29% in 2023.
- Migration Dynamics:
- Short-distance migration is predominant, with distance negatively affecting labour mobility.
- Migration originates primarily from areas around major urban centers like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, and Kolkata
- Major Migration Routes: UP-Delhi, Gujarat-Maharashtra, Telangana-AP, Bihar-Delhi (state level).
- Increase in Migrant Share: West Bengal, Rajasthan, and Karnataka have seen an increase in percentage of arriving migrants.
- Decrease in Migrant Share: Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh experienced reduction in their share of total migrants.
Reasons for decline in migrant numbers
- Improved infrastructure (roads, education, healthcare, public transport), social security nets etc. at place of origin.
- Localized economic growth creating jobs closer to rural areas.
Steps taken for welfare of Domestic Migrants in India
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