Why in the News?

Recently, the parliamentary standing committee on defence reviewed the role of the Indian Coast Guard in ensuring coastal security.

About the Indian Coast Guard

• Constituted: In August 1978 under the Coast Guard Act 1978.
• About: It is the National Coordinating Agency for Maritime Law Enforcement, Maritime Search & Rescue and Marine Pollution Response.
• Ministry: Ministry of Defence
• It is a part of the multi-tier arrangement for the protection of maritime security (See infographic).

Role of Indian Coast Guard in Maritime Security

• Enforcement of maritime laws: It enforces maritime laws and regulations and other international treaties to which India is a signatory.
• Safety and protection of artificial islands and offshore terminals: It undertakes regular patrols to keep Offshore Development Areas (ODAs) on both Eastern and Western seaboard under surveillance.
• Safety of life and property: It assists mariners in distress, protects fishermen and safeguard life from natural or man-made disasters. It also protects our ocean and offshore wealth including oil, fish and minerals.
• Inter-agency coordination: It assists customs and other enforcement agencies and undertakes anti-smuggling operations to prevent ingress and egress of contraband, and other items on the banned list.
• Other key roles: Preservation and Protection of Marine Environment; Collection of Scientific Data regarding meteorological and oceanographic data etc.

Initiatives taken to strengthen Indian Coast Guard

• Inter-agency Maritime Exercise: ICG participates and conducts various maritime exercises and operations. E.g. SAREX-2024, Sagar Kavach.
• Increased responsibility: In 2009, ICG was additionally designated as the authority responsible for coastal security in territorial waters, including areas to be patrolled by the Coastal Police.
• Coordination between Central and State agencies: The Director General of ICG has been designated as Commander Coastal Command and is responsible for overall coordination between Central and State agencies in all matters related to coastal security.

Conclusion

Over the years, ICG has emerged as a leading maritime agency, driving India's efforts to build a robust maritime search and rescue framework. By consistently collaborating with various stakeholders, ICG plays a pivotal role in India’s vision of Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) reinforcing India’s reputation as a reliable and proactive maritime partner on the global stage.